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The '''Baharna''' (from Arabic: '''"البحارنة'''") are an [[Arab nations|Arab]] [https://enwww.wikipediacollinsdictionary.orgcom/dictionary/wikienglish/Ethnolinguistic_groupethnolinguistics ethno-linguistic group] who mainly inhabit the historical region of [[BahrainBahrayn]]. They are generally regarded by scholars to be the [https://enwww.wikipediacollinsdictionary.orgcom/wikidictionary/Indigenous_peoplesenglish/indigenous aboriginal inhabitants] of the eastern coast of [[GulfArabia]] area andaround the eastern coast of [[ArabiaGulf]] region.<ref name="origin">{{cite webbook |last=Al-Rumaihi url|first=http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7942/1/7942_4940.PDFMohammed |date=1973 |title=Social and Political Change in Bahrain Since the First World War| pages|url=46–47http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7942/ |location=Durham, workUK |publisher=[[Durham University]] |pages=46–47 year|isbn=19739780859350501}}</ref> Regions with most of the population are in the cities of [[Qatif]] and [[Ahsa]] in Eastern Arabia along with [[Awal]] archipelago at the middle of the Gulf, with [https://enwww.wikipediacollinsdictionary.orgcom/wikidictionary/Diasporaenglish/diaspora historical diaspora] populations in [[Baharna in Kuwait|Kuwait]], [[Baharna in Qatar|Qatar]], [[Baharna in Emirates|Emirates]], [[Baharna in Oman|Oman]], [[Baharna in Iran|Iran]] and [[Baharna in Iraq|Iraq]].<ref name="region">{{cite book |last=Holes url|first=https://books.google.com.bh/books?id=bJLjAKH7-rICClive |date=2000 |title=Dialect, Culture, and Society in Eastern Arabia: Glossary| isbn=978-9004107632| last1url=Holes|https://brill.com/view/title/6995 first1|location=CliveLeiden, NL |publisher=Brill year|isbn=20019789004107632}}</ref> Some Bahrani people are citizens of other countries such as the United States, England, Scotland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Germany, Denmark, Sweden and Norway.
 
==Etymology==
Baharna (in Arabic: بحارنة) is a plural form of Bahrani (in Arabic: بحراني) singular form. It is a gentilic term for the ethno-linguistic group who inhabit [[Bahrain (historical region)|the historical region of Bahrain]]. Not to be confused with Bahraini (in Arabic: بحريني), the official demonym for the citizens of [[Bahrain (political entity)|the Kingdom of Bahrain]].
 
In Arabic, ''bahrayn'' is the dual form of ''bahr'' (sea), so ''al-Bahrayn'' means "the two seas". However, which two seas were originally intended remains in dispute. The term appears five times in the [[Bahrayn in Quran|Qur'an]], but does not only refer to the modern island—originally known to the Arabs as Awal—but rather to the entire region of Eastern Arabia, especially the oasis of Qatif and Ahsa.<ref name="bahrayn">{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Rentz |first1=G. |last2=Mulligan |first2=W.E. |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |title=al-Bahrayn |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/browse/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 |edition=Second Edition |year=1960 |location=Leiden, NL |publisher=Brill |isbn=9789004161214}}</ref> The "two seas" refers to the salt and fresh water present above and below the ground.<ref name="seas">{{cite book |last=Faroughy |first=Abbas |date=1951 |title=The Bahrein Islands (750–1951): A Contribution to the Study of Power Politics in the Persian Gulf |url=https://books.google.com.bh/books?id=a1YxAAAAIAAJ |location=New York, US |publisher=Verry, Fisher & Co. |oclc=402008}}</ref> In addition to wells, there are places in the sea of Bahrayn where fresh water bubbles up in the middle of the salt water, noted by visitors since antiquity.<ref name="freshwater">{{cite book |last=Rice |first=Michael |date=1994 |title=The Archaeology of the Arabian Gulf |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kWRfe7AdVaYC |location=London, UK |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0415032687}}</ref>
 
==See also==
* [[Bahrayn]]
* [[Dilmun]]
* [[Tylos]]
* [[Arados]]
* [[Gerrha]]
* [[Beth Qatraye]]
 
==References==
{{Reflistreflist}}